As the credit crunch further looms over everybody's head, people start panicking and the added worry comes when there car breaks down. No one can afford to pay for repairs, especially if they are still paying off a finance or loan agreement. The answer for all your concerns is the option of car leasing.
Leasing not only relieves you from the stresses and strains that owning a car can bring, but it also gives you the option of driving better cars, then you could ever practically afford to buy. Car leasing has become very popular over the recent years, mainly being due to how inexpensive leasing can actually turn out to be, particularly for the short term. Obviously if you are thinking about long term, then buying would probably be a better option.
You can choose to take a lease out for any amount of time that you may wish, a few companies do offer the choice of a massive discount if you decide to lease a car over a long period of time. What is so great about car leasing is that you do not have to worry about the vehicle breaking down; the leasing company will take care of all of the faults and replace it with a car that is in perfect working order.
But before you run into get a car leasing deal, you should firstly load yourself up with as much knowledge as you can. There are tons of online leasing companies these days and there are also a handful of price comparison sites. So you have the choice of either manually going through and finding the best deal, or alternatively using one of the comparison websites to get the best deal. You should decide which vehicle you would like to lease out, and how long you would like the lease to be in affect.
The great thing about car leasing is that if you get into financial trouble and can no longer afford the monthly repayments, you can always negotiate a settlement plan to suit your needs and maybe extend the lease further.
Leasing is a great alternative to buying, but you must remember to take care of the vehicle, as the company expects to receive the vehicle back with only normal wear and tear. Car leasing should definitely be considered as you may even be allowed to fully purchase the vehicle once your term has been completed.
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
Monday, September 8, 2008
Overcome Inflation With Informal Financial Education
The world today is information driven, the right information you acquired and the application makes a great difference. According to Chief Chris Uwaje, a foremost Information Technologist, "The next wars to be fought by nations are not about missiles and killing people, but about the ability of nations to excel in knowledge industry". Join the information trend today, and discover how the little genius that floats around your head can be a ticket to your fame, fortune and a dream come true.
Before now, wealthy people are known by the amount of money they have in their possession or any other valuable tangible things they have, but in today's world, your mental bank counts. All the most respected companies began their businesses with the right information they acquired and applied. Even they food you eat, or all the products or services you have ever used, or heard about are all the products of information.
The only investment that pays off for you and I, is to invest in ourselves for personal success. We spend much money in our daily needs: feeding and satisfying our thirst, with little spend to acquire the right information that will better our lots. Benjamin Franklin said: "If a man empties his purse into his head, no one can take it from him". Every other thing may fail us, but our soul food, right information makes our mind and soul, live out the best that it has ever done when we continually focus on increasing the value of our mental bank account. And. No body will ever grow old by merely living a number of years. People are only old when they start deserting their ideas.
Do you know that the solutions to the problems facing mankind today are solved with the right information? For the sake of space, I will only discuss one of the most popular one today - inflation. Prices of everything has gone up. And people are very careful with their spending. Some even started new businesses that never saw the light of the day, and the list goes on.
Unless you acquire the right information on how to make more money to overcome inflation, you will still struggle with inflation. Do you not agree with me that if you want to be a Doctor, you get trained? If you want to be a footballer, you kick football around? If you want to be a musician, you learn how to sing, and to overcome inflation, acquire the right informal information of financial knowledge.
The fact that, there is information everywhere does not mean you feed your mind with everything. Some information may be junk or irrelevant and mind-destructive. It is not for you! Even if you are poor, you can still acquire the right information. You may be limited as a result of lack of money initially, but if you persist, you will get the opportunities to invest in yourself with the right kind of information you ever dreamed off.
Also, make yourself ready for acquiring the right information. Do away with bad ideas and do not be suspicious of the present age informal information on how to better your lots. Do not hold on to certain beliefs or mindsets that are unprofitable. For instance, anytime some people see any young person who is successful or driving past in a very posh car, they will start calling the person abusive names: 419, a witch, et cetera. Such behaviour creates an impression in their hearts that they cannot be that successful in a legitimate way especially while they are still young.
Some people are very successful in life. They are not more knowledgeable than you, but they know what others do not know. And, that is the right information they acquired and applied in the field of their endeavour. You may think that they are more creative than you are-no! Their success has its root on how they do their work, not on what they do.
So many people have deprived themselves of the joys life offers, because they believe they are not successful as the ought to be. They will complain:. "Politicians are successful, musicians, writers, Doctors are successful, but I am not". The success you desired has absolutely nothing to do with what you do, but it has everything to do with how you do it. So invest in yourself for personal growth.
Saturday, August 16, 2008
Five Strategies For Financial Independence
The first strategy is living below your means. Look at what Dave Ramsey tells us about making car payments, rather than investing that money:
“…the average car payment is $378 over 55 months. Most people get a car payment and keep it throughout their lives. As soon as a car is paid off, they get another payment because they ‘need’ a new car. If you keep a $378 car payment throughout your life, which is ‘normal,’ you miss the opportunity to save that money. If you invested $378 per month from age 25 to age 65, a normal working lifetime, in the average mutual fund averaging 12 percent (the 70-year stock market average), you would have $4,447,084.01 at age 65. Hope you like the car!”
Imagine how much you could save, if you cut some of the rest of your expenses, and invested the difference. I would get on it. Remember, through thick and thin, you need to live below your means, and invest the difference.
The second strategy is to work for yourself. Successful self employed entrepreneurs are able to make quite a bit more money than most employees. People do not start companies to make their employees rich, in most instances. Use the jobs you have before launching your own venture to learn the skills you will need in your own business. If you could build a very successful business, you could take it public one day, and then get money for selling shares.
The third strategy, is to get very serious about investing. Start to read, research, take classes, and join an investment club. Look for opportunities that most will miss. Research investments outside of your current area of knowledge, and start to learn. Think outside your country. Think outside of just U.S. stocks, or just real estate, or just gold coins. Read about new, specialized mutual funds, and other investments. Find out what is in other mutual funds, and find out what the manager’s strategy is. Look into individual stocks. Investigate “the buzz”. In short, learn new things about investing from the best financial minds. Expand your knowledge base, and stay on top of the news about your investments.
The fourth strategy is to invest in sources of passive income. If you could own and profit from rental real estate or storage units, while keeping your day job, you could accumulate a lot more money.
“…the average car payment is $378 over 55 months. Most people get a car payment and keep it throughout their lives. As soon as a car is paid off, they get another payment because they ‘need’ a new car. If you keep a $378 car payment throughout your life, which is ‘normal,’ you miss the opportunity to save that money. If you invested $378 per month from age 25 to age 65, a normal working lifetime, in the average mutual fund averaging 12 percent (the 70-year stock market average), you would have $4,447,084.01 at age 65. Hope you like the car!”
Imagine how much you could save, if you cut some of the rest of your expenses, and invested the difference. I would get on it. Remember, through thick and thin, you need to live below your means, and invest the difference.
The second strategy is to work for yourself. Successful self employed entrepreneurs are able to make quite a bit more money than most employees. People do not start companies to make their employees rich, in most instances. Use the jobs you have before launching your own venture to learn the skills you will need in your own business. If you could build a very successful business, you could take it public one day, and then get money for selling shares.
The third strategy, is to get very serious about investing. Start to read, research, take classes, and join an investment club. Look for opportunities that most will miss. Research investments outside of your current area of knowledge, and start to learn. Think outside your country. Think outside of just U.S. stocks, or just real estate, or just gold coins. Read about new, specialized mutual funds, and other investments. Find out what is in other mutual funds, and find out what the manager’s strategy is. Look into individual stocks. Investigate “the buzz”. In short, learn new things about investing from the best financial minds. Expand your knowledge base, and stay on top of the news about your investments.
The fourth strategy is to invest in sources of passive income. If you could own and profit from rental real estate or storage units, while keeping your day job, you could accumulate a lot more money.
Friday, August 8, 2008
Business Finance - Gaining A Business Grant
Every new business needs finance when they are first starting up. You will need to buy equipment and your workplace will need to be set up as well as all of your marketing costs being sorted out but it doesn’t just stop here; when you are officially set up and your business starts making money you will need to cover all of your businesses bills and your staffs wages.
When it comes to finance needed to establish your business there are a number of options available to you. One of these options is grant finance. So what exactly is this grant finance? Grant finance is some of the money that is given to individuals or businesses for a specific project or purpose.
Grant finance however only covers part of the cost involved in your business project but the money that is given to you doesn’t need to be paid back. Grants are given to businesses to help with specific aspects of business development and they are available from a wide range of sources such as the Government, European Union and regional development agencies. These business grants are only given to businesses for a specific reason and there are a number of factors that may affect whether you are able to gain a grant such as your business activity or your specific business industry sector, some are also linked to certain geographical areas, which are in need of economic regeneration.
Business grants are notoriously hard to gain and there are only a certain amount that are available to businesses every year so the competition for these business grants is strong, which is why if you are hoping to gain one you need to clearly outline what the grant will be used for and how it will benefit your business as well as how it will benefit your local community. You will also need to clearly show that the specific project you want the money for hasn’t already started to take place and that you are able to put the rest of the money needed for your specific project to the grant money because, as mentioned earlier, a business grant only covers part of the money needed for a specific project.
A business grant will cover between 15% to 50% of the total costs involved in your business project so you will need to get hold of the rest of the money. If you gain a business grant when you don’t have the other half of the money available or you have already started the business project then you will be made to pay the grant back in full as you are breaking the terms of your business grant.
If you are hoping to make an application for a business grant then you need to make sure that you check what grants are available. Also there are a few factors that could affect you gaining a business grant such as the size of your business. Some grant providers will only give you access to a grant if your business is a small to medium business, ideally with less than 250 employees. As well as the size of your business you also have to think about your industry sector. This is because funding can often be limited and subject to restrictions in certain sectors, which are defined by the European Commission. Other restrictions include the location of your business and the purpose of your grant.
When it comes to finance needed to establish your business there are a number of options available to you. One of these options is grant finance. So what exactly is this grant finance? Grant finance is some of the money that is given to individuals or businesses for a specific project or purpose.
Grant finance however only covers part of the cost involved in your business project but the money that is given to you doesn’t need to be paid back. Grants are given to businesses to help with specific aspects of business development and they are available from a wide range of sources such as the Government, European Union and regional development agencies. These business grants are only given to businesses for a specific reason and there are a number of factors that may affect whether you are able to gain a grant such as your business activity or your specific business industry sector, some are also linked to certain geographical areas, which are in need of economic regeneration.
Business grants are notoriously hard to gain and there are only a certain amount that are available to businesses every year so the competition for these business grants is strong, which is why if you are hoping to gain one you need to clearly outline what the grant will be used for and how it will benefit your business as well as how it will benefit your local community. You will also need to clearly show that the specific project you want the money for hasn’t already started to take place and that you are able to put the rest of the money needed for your specific project to the grant money because, as mentioned earlier, a business grant only covers part of the money needed for a specific project.
A business grant will cover between 15% to 50% of the total costs involved in your business project so you will need to get hold of the rest of the money. If you gain a business grant when you don’t have the other half of the money available or you have already started the business project then you will be made to pay the grant back in full as you are breaking the terms of your business grant.
If you are hoping to make an application for a business grant then you need to make sure that you check what grants are available. Also there are a few factors that could affect you gaining a business grant such as the size of your business. Some grant providers will only give you access to a grant if your business is a small to medium business, ideally with less than 250 employees. As well as the size of your business you also have to think about your industry sector. This is because funding can often be limited and subject to restrictions in certain sectors, which are defined by the European Commission. Other restrictions include the location of your business and the purpose of your grant.
Friday, July 25, 2008
Getting Back On The Financial Wagon
There are many people out there that really try to clean up their finances, but they just don’t get it done. The repeat budgeters sit and figure out budgets just to abandon them within the month. They may do this several times in an effort to find something that works.
Others really try to tell you that they are changing their finances. They will get out of debt as soon as they get a raise or a bonus or life slows down.
I feel bad. Because I know for most of these people, it won’t all come together. Not until they hit rock bottom and decide to make a real change in their lives.
But I’m not saying that the best of the financial managers and budget masters don’t fall of the financial wagon every now and then. It is easy. There are just things that are so very tempting.
And there are a lot of bumps in the road that seem to be smoothed out with a credit card.
When you’ve been there before, the guilt is a lot worse. Sometimes we just make bad decisions. It is part of life. You just have to find a way back on the wagon. Take responsibility. Say that you knew better. And pay for what you have done.
Then make a change. This time you will know how easy it is to fall off, so you will hopefully be more cautious. Remember what you’ve been through.
Take the time to keep looking at your priorities. It is easy to stop doing this when your finances are in good order. But if you stop, you will often slip back into old ways of thinking. Hey, we have plenty of money. One little thing charged on the credit card won’t hurt anything.
But it will. Because that is how it started the first time around. Take the time to keep yourself going where you should be. I know that it sounds so money-focused, but money is important in your life. You need it for retirement. You need it to survive. How much you need depends on you. How much you want depends on you. You have to make the choices. And get back on the wagon.
Start all over again with creating a budget that works for you. Ask yourself what made you go off of your perfect plan? Did you splurge on a large ticket item, or was it little spending over time? Should you revise your budget to help include more for yourself? Was it a one-time thing or has it built up over time?
Look at where you are in regards to your goals. Perhaps your goals have changed over time. See if you are going in the right direction.
If you have amassed new debt, take the time to get rid of it. Devote as much as you can to paying it off as quickly as possible. I really hate to tell you to touch your savings, because that seems like a quick fix. Depending on how much you have, often it is better to make yourself sacrifice a bit to pay it all back off. Cut your spending in other areas to make up the difference. Keep putting money in savings and towards your debt if possible. Not the best advice financially (many say get rid of the debt at the cost of your savings to pay less interest), but emotionally and psychologically, it might work.
Remember why you want to even bother with managing your money. Are you looking forward to an early retirement? Do you like the idea of having money in the bank? How are you going to get there?
Others really try to tell you that they are changing their finances. They will get out of debt as soon as they get a raise or a bonus or life slows down.
I feel bad. Because I know for most of these people, it won’t all come together. Not until they hit rock bottom and decide to make a real change in their lives.
But I’m not saying that the best of the financial managers and budget masters don’t fall of the financial wagon every now and then. It is easy. There are just things that are so very tempting.
And there are a lot of bumps in the road that seem to be smoothed out with a credit card.
When you’ve been there before, the guilt is a lot worse. Sometimes we just make bad decisions. It is part of life. You just have to find a way back on the wagon. Take responsibility. Say that you knew better. And pay for what you have done.
Then make a change. This time you will know how easy it is to fall off, so you will hopefully be more cautious. Remember what you’ve been through.
Take the time to keep looking at your priorities. It is easy to stop doing this when your finances are in good order. But if you stop, you will often slip back into old ways of thinking. Hey, we have plenty of money. One little thing charged on the credit card won’t hurt anything.
But it will. Because that is how it started the first time around. Take the time to keep yourself going where you should be. I know that it sounds so money-focused, but money is important in your life. You need it for retirement. You need it to survive. How much you need depends on you. How much you want depends on you. You have to make the choices. And get back on the wagon.
Start all over again with creating a budget that works for you. Ask yourself what made you go off of your perfect plan? Did you splurge on a large ticket item, or was it little spending over time? Should you revise your budget to help include more for yourself? Was it a one-time thing or has it built up over time?
Look at where you are in regards to your goals. Perhaps your goals have changed over time. See if you are going in the right direction.
If you have amassed new debt, take the time to get rid of it. Devote as much as you can to paying it off as quickly as possible. I really hate to tell you to touch your savings, because that seems like a quick fix. Depending on how much you have, often it is better to make yourself sacrifice a bit to pay it all back off. Cut your spending in other areas to make up the difference. Keep putting money in savings and towards your debt if possible. Not the best advice financially (many say get rid of the debt at the cost of your savings to pay less interest), but emotionally and psychologically, it might work.
Remember why you want to even bother with managing your money. Are you looking forward to an early retirement? Do you like the idea of having money in the bank? How are you going to get there?
Friday, July 18, 2008
Budgeting - Why It Is So Important To Financial Success
Budgeting, though tedious, is probably one of the most important actions an individual, couple, or family performs - or SHOULD be performing. Without proper tracking of where you spend your money, you can never make much progress towards your Goals. Without knowing how much money is coming in vs. how much money is going out, it’s tough to progress financially. Instead, the majority of Americans resort to Credit Cards or consumer debt and dig themselves into bigger holes.
“A fool and his money are soon parted.” - Unknown
So I’m going to briefly cover some of the important points of Budgeting and learning to control your finances. Keep in mind that the majority of lottery winners end up broke again only a few years later, and it’s common for professional athletes who had earned MILLIONS of dollars over just a few years to lose it all and end up bagging groceries. This is proof enough that MORE MONEY will NOT solve your financial problems - unless you learn how to manage the money that you DO have.
First, make a general list of the financial obligations (monthly expenses) you currently have, such as: rent, power bill, food, gas, car payment, entertainment, etc. and write down or estimate how much you spend on each. (for non-monthly expenses, divide them to figure out a monthly cost - ex. A yearly magazine subscription of $50 = $50/12 = $4.16/month. I pay my car insurance only twice a year, so I divided it so I could set aside a set amount per month.)
Be sure to add in a column for all sources of income you have (monthly) so you can compare the two.
Now, the second step is to meticulously keep track of every dollar you spend for an entire month or more (as best you can). This way, you will often discover cash that you spent that you didn’t even know about. Often these are little things, like a cup of coffee every morning, or donating money to the Salvation Army at Christmas. These things aren’t necessarily bad, we just need to account for them. For many people this involves writing checks for everything and balancing their checkbooks. In my case, I pretty much use my Debit Card for everything, so my bank keeps track of most stuff for me. If you use mostly cash, or ANY cash, this means you must keep and save all receipts (many times you should anyways). Find a multi-sleeve binder or something to keep them all in one place.
Now, at the end of the month, or at the end of each week (to make it easier), record each transaction, the amount, and a category (ex: entertainment or car maintenance). Then add them all up, and you can see how much money you’ve spent, and where it went.
I use Quickbooks Online for this process. Once you set up your account, and set up the category accounts, I just enter in each transaction I made, and Quickbooks sorts them all into the categories and I can view my monthly or yearly “income statement” with the click of a button! I can also access it from anywhere I can get the internet.
Finally, the last step is to examine your own “income statement” and see if you are being responsible with your income, or if there are areas you can eliminate or cut back on expenses. Then you can set your final Budget and practice sticking to it.
CAUTION: Be sure to be consistent every week or month in accounting for your money, and review your budget often! It’s very easy to forget about it, or get out of the habit. Practice being diligent and set reminders if you must. Because once it becomes habit, you will be well on your way to your Financial Success!!!
One good book I’ve read recently regarding budgeting and personal finance was “Start Late Finish Rich” by David Bach.
In my opinion, it’s wise to master good money management before trying to make more money. But once you have it mastered, it’s time to MAKE MORE MONEY! If you don’t have much spare time, much desire, much risk tolerance, much ambition to study and acquire new information, or much care to do things on your own, then I recommend sticking to the “Get rich slowly” method of earning more and investing. However, if you have a mind open to new opportunities, and like to learn and search for new valuable information, and seek financial independence at a younger age, then I recommend forming a solid base of “Get rich slowly” investments, and then finding new streams of income or businesses that interest you.
“A fool and his money are soon parted.” - Unknown
So I’m going to briefly cover some of the important points of Budgeting and learning to control your finances. Keep in mind that the majority of lottery winners end up broke again only a few years later, and it’s common for professional athletes who had earned MILLIONS of dollars over just a few years to lose it all and end up bagging groceries. This is proof enough that MORE MONEY will NOT solve your financial problems - unless you learn how to manage the money that you DO have.
First, make a general list of the financial obligations (monthly expenses) you currently have, such as: rent, power bill, food, gas, car payment, entertainment, etc. and write down or estimate how much you spend on each. (for non-monthly expenses, divide them to figure out a monthly cost - ex. A yearly magazine subscription of $50 = $50/12 = $4.16/month. I pay my car insurance only twice a year, so I divided it so I could set aside a set amount per month.)
Be sure to add in a column for all sources of income you have (monthly) so you can compare the two.
Now, the second step is to meticulously keep track of every dollar you spend for an entire month or more (as best you can). This way, you will often discover cash that you spent that you didn’t even know about. Often these are little things, like a cup of coffee every morning, or donating money to the Salvation Army at Christmas. These things aren’t necessarily bad, we just need to account for them. For many people this involves writing checks for everything and balancing their checkbooks. In my case, I pretty much use my Debit Card for everything, so my bank keeps track of most stuff for me. If you use mostly cash, or ANY cash, this means you must keep and save all receipts (many times you should anyways). Find a multi-sleeve binder or something to keep them all in one place.
Now, at the end of the month, or at the end of each week (to make it easier), record each transaction, the amount, and a category (ex: entertainment or car maintenance). Then add them all up, and you can see how much money you’ve spent, and where it went.
I use Quickbooks Online for this process. Once you set up your account, and set up the category accounts, I just enter in each transaction I made, and Quickbooks sorts them all into the categories and I can view my monthly or yearly “income statement” with the click of a button! I can also access it from anywhere I can get the internet.
Finally, the last step is to examine your own “income statement” and see if you are being responsible with your income, or if there are areas you can eliminate or cut back on expenses. Then you can set your final Budget and practice sticking to it.
CAUTION: Be sure to be consistent every week or month in accounting for your money, and review your budget often! It’s very easy to forget about it, or get out of the habit. Practice being diligent and set reminders if you must. Because once it becomes habit, you will be well on your way to your Financial Success!!!
One good book I’ve read recently regarding budgeting and personal finance was “Start Late Finish Rich” by David Bach.
In my opinion, it’s wise to master good money management before trying to make more money. But once you have it mastered, it’s time to MAKE MORE MONEY! If you don’t have much spare time, much desire, much risk tolerance, much ambition to study and acquire new information, or much care to do things on your own, then I recommend sticking to the “Get rich slowly” method of earning more and investing. However, if you have a mind open to new opportunities, and like to learn and search for new valuable information, and seek financial independence at a younger age, then I recommend forming a solid base of “Get rich slowly” investments, and then finding new streams of income or businesses that interest you.
Tuesday, July 15, 2008
Start Teaching Your Kids Early To Build A Strong Financial Foundation
Everyone knows at least one person like this: never had responsibilities as a child, got everything handed to them no questions asked, cruised through college without having to work, got set up with a job and a plush salary, purchased clothes, cars, toys, and a huge house, then suddenly they start getting overdue notices and collection calls, and finally have to declare bankruptcy and lose everything. It is not too uncommon to hear stories similar to that brief outline, especially over the last twenty years or so when it seems that financial responsibility has not been taken as seriously as it had been by older generations.
My parents were old-school. When I started getting into comic books and baseball cards around 10 or 11 years old, they told me that I would have to start earning the money to spend on those items. Growing up in New York, it was fairly easy during the fall to rake leaves and in the winter to shovel snow for the cash, and I also had a paper route to cover the spring and summer as well. They took me to the bank and opened a savings account for me to teach me how to save and manage my funds. It was a joint account so that I would have to go to the bank in order to make transactions in order to teach me the ropes.
By the time I was in high school and turned 16, looking forward to taking a drivers education course, they signed the working papers so that I could start working at McDonalds in order to teach me about salary, taxes, and saving for a specific purpose. When my 17th birthday cam and I had earned my drivers license, I was not just handed the keys to their car while they went out and purchased a new one like so many of my friends’ parents had done. On the contrary, I raided my savings account and paid for my own car, a burgundy, oxidized 1986 Pontiac Sunbird.
In conjunction with my college application, I also submitted the necessary paperwork to get into the work-study program working for the Dean of the Business Department. I wasn’t going to have my way paid for me, I would have to earn a portion of it myself. It wasn’t all fun and games; the student-employees had to file papers, deliver memos, and stock supplies rather than sit around for 3-4 hours a day playing games in the office.
By the time I got out into the workforce, I had already had both savings and checking accounts, established lines of credit, filed tax returns, and actually understood what taxes were being witheld and why. I had already built a credit history to enable me to rent an apartment as well as lease a car without a co-signer. When it came time to purchase my first home, the woman representing the bank for my pre-approval almost couldn’t believe that at my age (I was 29 at the time) I walked in with credit scores over 800, the required bank and brokerage statements, pay stubs, and tax returns without even being asked, and the ability to make a down payment on the spot.
This little story isn’t meant to brag or boast, but to outline one simple truth. If you get involved early, and start teaching children about money and financial responsibility before it truly becomes necessary, there is a greater chance that they will not deal with the fiscal issues so many people today deal with. There is a saying about it being easier to prevent a problem rather than allowing it to occur and then facing the task of solving it. I’m willing to bet that when it comes to finances, especially in this economy, most rational people would agree that this saying is dead on.
My parents were old-school. When I started getting into comic books and baseball cards around 10 or 11 years old, they told me that I would have to start earning the money to spend on those items. Growing up in New York, it was fairly easy during the fall to rake leaves and in the winter to shovel snow for the cash, and I also had a paper route to cover the spring and summer as well. They took me to the bank and opened a savings account for me to teach me how to save and manage my funds. It was a joint account so that I would have to go to the bank in order to make transactions in order to teach me the ropes.
By the time I was in high school and turned 16, looking forward to taking a drivers education course, they signed the working papers so that I could start working at McDonalds in order to teach me about salary, taxes, and saving for a specific purpose. When my 17th birthday cam and I had earned my drivers license, I was not just handed the keys to their car while they went out and purchased a new one like so many of my friends’ parents had done. On the contrary, I raided my savings account and paid for my own car, a burgundy, oxidized 1986 Pontiac Sunbird.
In conjunction with my college application, I also submitted the necessary paperwork to get into the work-study program working for the Dean of the Business Department. I wasn’t going to have my way paid for me, I would have to earn a portion of it myself. It wasn’t all fun and games; the student-employees had to file papers, deliver memos, and stock supplies rather than sit around for 3-4 hours a day playing games in the office.
By the time I got out into the workforce, I had already had both savings and checking accounts, established lines of credit, filed tax returns, and actually understood what taxes were being witheld and why. I had already built a credit history to enable me to rent an apartment as well as lease a car without a co-signer. When it came time to purchase my first home, the woman representing the bank for my pre-approval almost couldn’t believe that at my age (I was 29 at the time) I walked in with credit scores over 800, the required bank and brokerage statements, pay stubs, and tax returns without even being asked, and the ability to make a down payment on the spot.
This little story isn’t meant to brag or boast, but to outline one simple truth. If you get involved early, and start teaching children about money and financial responsibility before it truly becomes necessary, there is a greater chance that they will not deal with the fiscal issues so many people today deal with. There is a saying about it being easier to prevent a problem rather than allowing it to occur and then facing the task of solving it. I’m willing to bet that when it comes to finances, especially in this economy, most rational people would agree that this saying is dead on.
Thursday, June 26, 2008
Should I Use A Financial Planner?
Do you know how to use your money? Who gives you advices on what you should do with your money? Is it your friend who is currently driving his BMW? You have to remember that not because your friend drives a very luxurious car means he is already financially successful because most probably, your friend is suffering from his monthly mortgage.
Chances are you are also among those people who are on the verge of facing financial disaster. The irony of life in terms of money is that people spend hours and days to earn but it only takes hours to spend. It takes days or even months to borrow money from the bank but no matter how hard it is, it is still harder to pay the money you borrowed. Now that you are faced with mountain of debt, you’ve been asking yourself “should I use a financial planner?” Well, get real! You cannot just watch your finances bury you to debt and in this situation, the best thing you should do is hire a financial planner.
Hiring a financial planner is easy; the hard part is how to get the perfect financial planner for you. With so many people claiming thy know how to manage and plan your finances, how would you choose? In fact, finding the perfect financial planner is simple as long as you know what to look for in a financial planner. Basically, the financial planner you are eyeing to hire should be experienced and qualified in providing the services you want. The second thing you should look for is trust. He or she should be trustworthy that you will feel confident to make him manage your finances. He should also be someone who will not take advantage of your needs. That means his compensation should be reasonable because of his services and not because you badly need him.
One needs to be smart in managing his finances. Once in your life, you have forgotten this and that is the reason why you are suffering from debts now. However, there is still one thing you can do to save your finances and that is to be smart in hiring a financial planner.
Chances are you are also among those people who are on the verge of facing financial disaster. The irony of life in terms of money is that people spend hours and days to earn but it only takes hours to spend. It takes days or even months to borrow money from the bank but no matter how hard it is, it is still harder to pay the money you borrowed. Now that you are faced with mountain of debt, you’ve been asking yourself “should I use a financial planner?” Well, get real! You cannot just watch your finances bury you to debt and in this situation, the best thing you should do is hire a financial planner.
Hiring a financial planner is easy; the hard part is how to get the perfect financial planner for you. With so many people claiming thy know how to manage and plan your finances, how would you choose? In fact, finding the perfect financial planner is simple as long as you know what to look for in a financial planner. Basically, the financial planner you are eyeing to hire should be experienced and qualified in providing the services you want. The second thing you should look for is trust. He or she should be trustworthy that you will feel confident to make him manage your finances. He should also be someone who will not take advantage of your needs. That means his compensation should be reasonable because of his services and not because you badly need him.
One needs to be smart in managing his finances. Once in your life, you have forgotten this and that is the reason why you are suffering from debts now. However, there is still one thing you can do to save your finances and that is to be smart in hiring a financial planner.
Sunday, June 15, 2008
How To Set Financial Goals
Everyone must have financial goals. Let me rephrase that - ‘Everyone must have well defined financial goals’. And of course these goals have to be realistic to a certain extent. Goals can be divided into short term and long term goals.
Long Term Goals: There are different definitions of long-term goals. Some people define it as ‘goals that can be achieved over your lifetime’. To me this is a bit vague…For me its anything that needs to be achieved in the next 10 years or more. Reaching these long term goals require lot more self-discipline and commitment than reaching short term goals. Some examples of long-term goals are - funding for your child’s secondary education or saving up for a comfortable lifestyle for your retirement.
Short Term Goals: Goals that you want to reach within the next five years are called short term goals. Example: saving for the deposit for your home or saving for your next big travel expedition….
Some tips on reaching your financial goals:
* Determine What They Are: Create a file for your goals.. Write down what your long term goals and short term goals are.
* Target Period: Write down by when you want to reach your goal…example by 2010 or 2015 or 2020…
* Make Them Specific: Write down how much you need to save to reach those goals. A bit of research is probably required to make them specific. First you need to determine how much you need in today’s terms to reach these goals. Then you need to convert that figure to future date value (its value in the target period)…I will write more about the future values in another post.
* Action: Then write down your steps for action…Maybe for your child’s secondary education expenses you plan to buy an investment property and pay it off by the time the child begins his/her secondary education. Whatever the action you plan to take to reach a goal, write it down and then of course act on it…Start investing.
* Periodic Review: Go back and visit each of your goals periodically…Look at your investment performance and check to make sure that they are on target.
Long Term Goals: There are different definitions of long-term goals. Some people define it as ‘goals that can be achieved over your lifetime’. To me this is a bit vague…For me its anything that needs to be achieved in the next 10 years or more. Reaching these long term goals require lot more self-discipline and commitment than reaching short term goals. Some examples of long-term goals are - funding for your child’s secondary education or saving up for a comfortable lifestyle for your retirement.
Short Term Goals: Goals that you want to reach within the next five years are called short term goals. Example: saving for the deposit for your home or saving for your next big travel expedition….
Some tips on reaching your financial goals:
* Determine What They Are: Create a file for your goals.. Write down what your long term goals and short term goals are.
* Target Period: Write down by when you want to reach your goal…example by 2010 or 2015 or 2020…
* Make Them Specific: Write down how much you need to save to reach those goals. A bit of research is probably required to make them specific. First you need to determine how much you need in today’s terms to reach these goals. Then you need to convert that figure to future date value (its value in the target period)…I will write more about the future values in another post.
* Action: Then write down your steps for action…Maybe for your child’s secondary education expenses you plan to buy an investment property and pay it off by the time the child begins his/her secondary education. Whatever the action you plan to take to reach a goal, write it down and then of course act on it…Start investing.
* Periodic Review: Go back and visit each of your goals periodically…Look at your investment performance and check to make sure that they are on target.
Saturday, June 7, 2008
Financial Mistakes You May Be Making
All of us make financial mistakes, and research in the new fields of evolutionary economics and behavioral economics are starting to explain why. It will be good to have this knowledge someday. But in the meantime, here are ten of the more common money mistakes you may be making, so you can start correcting them now.
1. Making A Competition Of Financial Decisions
Trying to “beat” anyone else in a financial transaction is a bad habit, unless you are playing poker or negotiating a business or investment deal. The first people to buy new technology get to show it off, but they also get the worst version at the highest price. If you “win” at an auction it means you paid more than anyone else was willing to pay. Looked at that way it doesn’t seem so smart.
Evolutionary economics explains why we feel this need to “win.” It developed as a way to gain a better position in the tribe, which increased one’s survival odds thousands of years ago. This tendency of ours is of very little value in a modern economy, so ignoring such urges is wiser.
2. Believing You Are Owed Something
Nobody owes you a thing unless you have a contract or a promise. Dwelling on what is “owed” to you is a financial mistake because it gets in the way of doing what is necessary. And why does anyone owe you a thing? For example, health insurance came to be expected of large employers based on nothing more than the fact that many provided it. Had enough companies provided cars to employees, we would think we are “owed” a car by our employer.
Forget what is “owed” to you. Just work honestly to get what you can. Ask for a raise, but if you’re not paid enough, find another job. Collect that unemployment benefit if it’s available, but don’t think others have an obligation to provide your income for you. Once you stop looking for your “due” you can start looking at how to make money and create what you need for yourself. Usually this means seeing what others want, and finding a way to provide it for a paycheck or a profit.
3. Believing Value Is About Prices
Suppose a television normally sells for $900 and is on sale for $400. Is that a good value? Most people may think so, but the value of personal items is measured by what the individual user needs. If you’re as happy with a $200 television, then the other is over-priced from your perspective. Such personal purchases are worth only what it makes sense for you to pay. If a $20,000 car is worth just $3,000 to you, then that’s that (and you don’t buy it).
4. Believing Value Is All About You
I once saw a man lose $30,000 by pricing his home too high and leaving it empty for years - one of the more common financial mistakes. With investments, value has nothing to do with what you think a thing is worth. The only important measure is what the market will pay for it.
People often confuse personal consumption items with investments, thinking, for example, that a car is an investment. A $22,000 kitchen remodeling project isn’t an investment either, if future buyers will pay only $10,000 more for the home afterwards. The owner might like to think it added $30,000 in value, but his ideas are irrelevant. He better enjoy that new stove and cupboards, because they were not investments, but a $12,000 personal purchase (that’s his net loss).
5. Believing High Profits Are Unfair
In any honest sale, the price is fair, or it wouldn’t have been paid. Consider if your own house had a market value of $400,000 and you wanted to sell it. Would you lower the price to make it more “fair?” Not likely, so why expect any business to charge less than what the market dictates?
How much profit is made on something is entirely irrelevant to what its value is. Your choice is to buy it or not. It’s a financial mistake to waste time complaining about a profit you would gladly accept if you were on the other side of the transaction. The truth is that you wouldn’t buy it if it wasn’t a fair price, and nobody (in a free country) is forcing you to. Spend your energy looking for a better alternative or finding ways to make more money instead.
1. Making A Competition Of Financial Decisions
Trying to “beat” anyone else in a financial transaction is a bad habit, unless you are playing poker or negotiating a business or investment deal. The first people to buy new technology get to show it off, but they also get the worst version at the highest price. If you “win” at an auction it means you paid more than anyone else was willing to pay. Looked at that way it doesn’t seem so smart.
Evolutionary economics explains why we feel this need to “win.” It developed as a way to gain a better position in the tribe, which increased one’s survival odds thousands of years ago. This tendency of ours is of very little value in a modern economy, so ignoring such urges is wiser.
2. Believing You Are Owed Something
Nobody owes you a thing unless you have a contract or a promise. Dwelling on what is “owed” to you is a financial mistake because it gets in the way of doing what is necessary. And why does anyone owe you a thing? For example, health insurance came to be expected of large employers based on nothing more than the fact that many provided it. Had enough companies provided cars to employees, we would think we are “owed” a car by our employer.
Forget what is “owed” to you. Just work honestly to get what you can. Ask for a raise, but if you’re not paid enough, find another job. Collect that unemployment benefit if it’s available, but don’t think others have an obligation to provide your income for you. Once you stop looking for your “due” you can start looking at how to make money and create what you need for yourself. Usually this means seeing what others want, and finding a way to provide it for a paycheck or a profit.
3. Believing Value Is About Prices
Suppose a television normally sells for $900 and is on sale for $400. Is that a good value? Most people may think so, but the value of personal items is measured by what the individual user needs. If you’re as happy with a $200 television, then the other is over-priced from your perspective. Such personal purchases are worth only what it makes sense for you to pay. If a $20,000 car is worth just $3,000 to you, then that’s that (and you don’t buy it).
4. Believing Value Is All About You
I once saw a man lose $30,000 by pricing his home too high and leaving it empty for years - one of the more common financial mistakes. With investments, value has nothing to do with what you think a thing is worth. The only important measure is what the market will pay for it.
People often confuse personal consumption items with investments, thinking, for example, that a car is an investment. A $22,000 kitchen remodeling project isn’t an investment either, if future buyers will pay only $10,000 more for the home afterwards. The owner might like to think it added $30,000 in value, but his ideas are irrelevant. He better enjoy that new stove and cupboards, because they were not investments, but a $12,000 personal purchase (that’s his net loss).
5. Believing High Profits Are Unfair
In any honest sale, the price is fair, or it wouldn’t have been paid. Consider if your own house had a market value of $400,000 and you wanted to sell it. Would you lower the price to make it more “fair?” Not likely, so why expect any business to charge less than what the market dictates?
How much profit is made on something is entirely irrelevant to what its value is. Your choice is to buy it or not. It’s a financial mistake to waste time complaining about a profit you would gladly accept if you were on the other side of the transaction. The truth is that you wouldn’t buy it if it wasn’t a fair price, and nobody (in a free country) is forcing you to. Spend your energy looking for a better alternative or finding ways to make more money instead.
Thursday, May 29, 2008
How to Finance Your Business Through Factoring Receivables Invoices
Maintaining consistent cash flow is one of the biggest challenges faced by small and medium scale business enterprises today. The cash flow constraints particularly occur in businesses that offer credit facilities. According to cash flow management experts many debtors have a tendency of failing to honor their pledges to clear their debts within a stipulated period of time that may between 30 and 60 days. It is during such circumstances that a business entity may be required to rise to occasion by supplementing its operations through sourcing of funds either internally or externally to boost the cash flow.
One of the convenient ways of sourcing for funds is invoice factoring. Factoring refers to the process of speeding up cash flow in your business by selling the credit worthy invoices for cash. The viability of factoring as one of the most effective debt collection methods has been a blessing to many small and medium scale business enterprises.
This cash flow tool has been around for many years and has effectively evolved into a very important moderator preferred by many small business enterprises for use in competing effectively with larger businesses. Therefore by factoring invoices, small or medium scale business entrepreneurs can offer flexible terms of sale with the confidence that they will have cash for their sales within a short period of time. By so doing, your business will regain ground and your cash flow needs will be resolved without you having to waste time and money calling and seeking for your debtors for payments.
One of the convenient ways of sourcing for funds is invoice factoring. Factoring refers to the process of speeding up cash flow in your business by selling the credit worthy invoices for cash. The viability of factoring as one of the most effective debt collection methods has been a blessing to many small and medium scale business enterprises.
This cash flow tool has been around for many years and has effectively evolved into a very important moderator preferred by many small business enterprises for use in competing effectively with larger businesses. Therefore by factoring invoices, small or medium scale business entrepreneurs can offer flexible terms of sale with the confidence that they will have cash for their sales within a short period of time. By so doing, your business will regain ground and your cash flow needs will be resolved without you having to waste time and money calling and seeking for your debtors for payments.
Saturday, May 24, 2008
Startup Business Financing
Before you start to obtain startup business financing, it is very important that you determine the approximate amount that you will require. The current assets minus current liabilities will be the working capital of the business. Most of the time, you can see such information in the balance sheet and through this you will be able to know how much money will be required to carry out your business on a short-term basis.
Having found out the amount of startup business financing required, you will have to think of a way in which you can get a loan for your business.
• Start-up Financing is available to entrepreneurs whose business is based on a solid business model with a credit worthy structure.
• Banks award business loans to those that have a well spelled out plan which showcases your partners, your track record, your strategies and advantages.
Banks are conservative where investments are concerned. The chances of getting a loan will be more for an existing business in comparison to a new one.
• No bank wants to lose money by taking risks. If your business proposes to be a risk, you’ll have to work harder to get your small business loans approved
On the other hand, you will be able to acquire a startup business financing loan if you make a good loan request and have a good plan for your business. Help can be obtained from the SBA as well as the Small Business Development Centers can be obtained easily, as they are situated in most major cities in the United States. Your business plan must consist of your personal bank statements, sales and cash projection. If you are taking the help of the SBA then you will need to state how you will reimburse the startup business financing loan and you will also be required to guarantee the same. The bank might want to see your personal investment in the business apart from the time that you give to the business.
• Banks would want to know your business’s financial prospects. They want to gauge its worth and how much money you’re moving.
• Alternative sources, (excluding banks) may want you to “pay” more for your start up business loan.
• You may have to pay higher interest rates. You might also need to offer some equity in your business to receive funding
Ways in which you can get loans faster and easily
Financial assistance sometimes comes from institutions in the form of credit or loan. This loan can be obtained at a relatively short period of time and there are financial resources that will help you get the loan. Few of such startup business financing resources are:
- Credit cards: You can get a credit ceiling of twenty thousand dollars (for your small business) from big credit card companies if you have a good credit record.
- Unsecured business loans: Try such a loan if you do not want to guarantee the loan personally or if you do not have a credit record.
- Equipment leasing/financing: Many companies are willing to lend you the money taking equipment as collateral for your loan.
- Asset based loan: is ideal for using equipment to acquire loan, account receivable or leveraging your stock.
• Those having a mortgage with a bank, find it easier to obtain small business loans.
• Check newspapers for financing offers. Such institutes grant small business loans and processing might be easier with them.
• Availing a start up business loan has become easier, thanks to a growth in competition among lenders.
• Plenty of channels are available for raising capital. Most of the above avenues have abundant variations. Build up a solid business plan, along with a financial adviser, and just start asking.
Do not forget to check your financial requirements regularly and inform the investors about the financial position as well as the progress of the business on a regular basis.
Having found out the amount of startup business financing required, you will have to think of a way in which you can get a loan for your business.
• Start-up Financing is available to entrepreneurs whose business is based on a solid business model with a credit worthy structure.
• Banks award business loans to those that have a well spelled out plan which showcases your partners, your track record, your strategies and advantages.
Banks are conservative where investments are concerned. The chances of getting a loan will be more for an existing business in comparison to a new one.
• No bank wants to lose money by taking risks. If your business proposes to be a risk, you’ll have to work harder to get your small business loans approved
On the other hand, you will be able to acquire a startup business financing loan if you make a good loan request and have a good plan for your business. Help can be obtained from the SBA as well as the Small Business Development Centers can be obtained easily, as they are situated in most major cities in the United States. Your business plan must consist of your personal bank statements, sales and cash projection. If you are taking the help of the SBA then you will need to state how you will reimburse the startup business financing loan and you will also be required to guarantee the same. The bank might want to see your personal investment in the business apart from the time that you give to the business.
• Banks would want to know your business’s financial prospects. They want to gauge its worth and how much money you’re moving.
• Alternative sources, (excluding banks) may want you to “pay” more for your start up business loan.
• You may have to pay higher interest rates. You might also need to offer some equity in your business to receive funding
Ways in which you can get loans faster and easily
Financial assistance sometimes comes from institutions in the form of credit or loan. This loan can be obtained at a relatively short period of time and there are financial resources that will help you get the loan. Few of such startup business financing resources are:
- Credit cards: You can get a credit ceiling of twenty thousand dollars (for your small business) from big credit card companies if you have a good credit record.
- Unsecured business loans: Try such a loan if you do not want to guarantee the loan personally or if you do not have a credit record.
- Equipment leasing/financing: Many companies are willing to lend you the money taking equipment as collateral for your loan.
- Asset based loan: is ideal for using equipment to acquire loan, account receivable or leveraging your stock.
• Those having a mortgage with a bank, find it easier to obtain small business loans.
• Check newspapers for financing offers. Such institutes grant small business loans and processing might be easier with them.
• Availing a start up business loan has become easier, thanks to a growth in competition among lenders.
• Plenty of channels are available for raising capital. Most of the above avenues have abundant variations. Build up a solid business plan, along with a financial adviser, and just start asking.
Do not forget to check your financial requirements regularly and inform the investors about the financial position as well as the progress of the business on a regular basis.
Sunday, May 18, 2008
In the World Of Investments And Finance
Investments includes how to value stocks, bonds, and other financial securities; the theory and practice of portfolio management; and the functioning of the securities markets.
Financial institutions examines the role of financial intermediaries, especially commercial banks, in the financial system and the principal managerial issues facing such institutions. Investment in companies may be in shares or by direct investment (private equity).
Islamic scholars have made some concessions on permissible companies, as most use debt either to address liquidity shortages (they borrow) or to invest excess cash (interest-bearing instruments).
Financiers are rightly rewarded for taking risks, which by their nature cannot be entirely managed away or anticipated. The tendency for success to breed complacency and recklessness is as ingrained in financial markets as it is in any other walk of life.
Financial mathematics is the study of financial data with the tools of mathematics , mainly statistics . Such data can be movements of securities?stocks and bonds etc.?and their relations.
Students will learn how to establish appropriate investment objectives, develop optimal portfolio strategies, estimate risk-return tradeoffs, and evaluate investment performance. Many of the latest quantitative approaches are discussed.
Students interested in financial careers receive an excellent professional financial education through the College of Business? Finance Program. You will find highly qualified faculty members, well defined jobs in the field, and other resources, which properly used will lead to excellent career prospects.
Students are also required by the Mathematical Sciences Department to pass a Qualifying Examination, covering major and minor topics, to certify the students’ preparedness to begin research. The minor topic may be numerical analysis, statistics, or finance/economics. Students majoring in business need only three additional economics courses to get a minor in economics.
Finance is about ideas. And one of the nice things about finance is that the same ideas come back again and again - but dressed up in different disguises. Finance is a specialty that deals with the allocation of resources on the corporate, institutional and personal levels.
Money is the life blood of the economic system and the flow of money through corporations, capital markets, and financial institutions are integral to how that life blood gets pumped through the system, how it nourishes the health of the system, and how the economy sustains and perpetuates the standard of living that we enjoy. Finance is fast, easy, and free. You can create and maintain as many portfolios as you like with a single Yahoo!
Finance is responsible annually for the audit, budget, capital improvement program and the long range financial plan for the City. Finance also directs the issuance of municipal debt and industrial revenue bonds.
Accountants and finance specialists are essential to a firm’s growth and development. If you are interested in a career in this field, you are fortunate to be able to make use of the many career opportunities which abound worldwide in this growing area.
Accounting and Control, Business Studies, Economics) or Master’s programmes at other universities can also be included in your curriculum after approval of the Master’s in Quantitative Finance programme committee. You can thus create your own future career profile.
Financial institutions examines the role of financial intermediaries, especially commercial banks, in the financial system and the principal managerial issues facing such institutions. Investment in companies may be in shares or by direct investment (private equity).
Islamic scholars have made some concessions on permissible companies, as most use debt either to address liquidity shortages (they borrow) or to invest excess cash (interest-bearing instruments).
Financiers are rightly rewarded for taking risks, which by their nature cannot be entirely managed away or anticipated. The tendency for success to breed complacency and recklessness is as ingrained in financial markets as it is in any other walk of life.
Financial mathematics is the study of financial data with the tools of mathematics , mainly statistics . Such data can be movements of securities?stocks and bonds etc.?and their relations.
Students will learn how to establish appropriate investment objectives, develop optimal portfolio strategies, estimate risk-return tradeoffs, and evaluate investment performance. Many of the latest quantitative approaches are discussed.
Students interested in financial careers receive an excellent professional financial education through the College of Business? Finance Program. You will find highly qualified faculty members, well defined jobs in the field, and other resources, which properly used will lead to excellent career prospects.
Students are also required by the Mathematical Sciences Department to pass a Qualifying Examination, covering major and minor topics, to certify the students’ preparedness to begin research. The minor topic may be numerical analysis, statistics, or finance/economics. Students majoring in business need only three additional economics courses to get a minor in economics.
Finance is about ideas. And one of the nice things about finance is that the same ideas come back again and again - but dressed up in different disguises. Finance is a specialty that deals with the allocation of resources on the corporate, institutional and personal levels.
Money is the life blood of the economic system and the flow of money through corporations, capital markets, and financial institutions are integral to how that life blood gets pumped through the system, how it nourishes the health of the system, and how the economy sustains and perpetuates the standard of living that we enjoy. Finance is fast, easy, and free. You can create and maintain as many portfolios as you like with a single Yahoo!
Finance is responsible annually for the audit, budget, capital improvement program and the long range financial plan for the City. Finance also directs the issuance of municipal debt and industrial revenue bonds.
Accountants and finance specialists are essential to a firm’s growth and development. If you are interested in a career in this field, you are fortunate to be able to make use of the many career opportunities which abound worldwide in this growing area.
Accounting and Control, Business Studies, Economics) or Master’s programmes at other universities can also be included in your curriculum after approval of the Master’s in Quantitative Finance programme committee. You can thus create your own future career profile.
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Bonds,
Financial Securities,
Investments,
Money,
Stocks
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